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ENGLISH U.3 & U.4: V. Future aspirations, time management, phrasal verbs, non-verbal communication & G. Future (simple) tenses, future continuous, conditional sentences, adverbs of possibility and probability

El contenido de esta entrada ha sido extraído de los siguientes archivos que he creado a partir de la información obtenida en clase:

PowerPoint – ENGLISH U.3 & U.4: Future possibilities + Let’s communicate (V&G)Descarga
Word – ENGLISH U.3 & U.4: Future possibilities + Let’s communicate (V&G)Descarga
Pdf – ENGLISH U.3 & U.4: Future possibilities + Let’s communicate (V&G)Descarga

VOCABULARY

Future aspirations

  • pass your exams: aprobar los exámenes
  • pass your driving test: aprobar el examen de conducir
  • study abroad: estudiar en el extranjero
  • go on an exchange: ir de intercambio
  • go backpacking: viajar «de forma barata»
  • go for an interview: ir a una entrevista
  • get a holiday job: conseguir un trabajo de vacaciones
  • get a degree: obtener un título
  • do voluntary work: hacer trabajo voluntario
  • do work experience: hacer prácticas
  • apply for a job: buscar un trabajo
  • leave home: independizarse
  • make new friends: hacer nuevos amigos
  • make money: hacer dinero (trabajando)

Time management

  • get organized: organizarse
  • plan ahead: planearse
  • make lists: hacer listas
  • develop a routine: desarrollar una rutina
  • find a balance: encontrar un balance
  • prioritize: priorizar
  • waste time: perder tiempo
  • take a break: tomar un descanso
  • put off: posponer
  • meet a deadline: cumplir una fecha de entrega
  • set a reminder: establecer un recordatorio
  • set goals: establecer objectivos o metas

Phrasal verbs

*Separable phrasal verbs: ask out, bring up, tell of

  • bring up: criar, educar
  • look after: cuidar
  • tell of: reñir
  • fall out (with): discutir, pelearse
  • make up (with): reconciliarse
  • get on (with): llevarse bien (con)
  • ask out: invitar a
  • go out (with): salir (con)
  • hang out (with): reunirse (con)
  • meet up (with): quedar (con)
  • settle down (with): independizarse (con)
  • split up (with): separarse de

Non-verbal communication

  • smile: sonreír
  • frown: fruncir el ceño
  • raise your eyebrows: levantar las cejas
  • roll your eyes: poner los ojos en blanco
  • stare: mirar fijamente
  • make eye contact: mantener el contacto visual
  • hold hands: coger de la mano
  • shake hands: dar la mano
  • give (somebody) a hug: dar (a alguien) un abrazo
  • kiss (somebody) on the cheek: dar un beso (a alguien) en la mejilla
  • gesticulate: gesticular
  • shrug your shoulders: levantar los hombros

GRAMMAR

Future (simple) tenses

  • WILL / WON’T: future predictions, spontaneous decisions, promises, offers
    (+) Subj + will + V + com.
    (-) Subj + won’t + V + com.
    (?) Will + subj + V + com. ?
  • BE (NOT) GOING TO: future intentions
    (+) Subj + be going to + V + com.
    (-) Subj + be not going to + V + com.
    (?) Be + subj + going to + V + com. ?
  • PRESENT CONTINUOUS: definite arrangements
    (+) Subj + be v-ing + com.
    (-) Subj + be not v-ing + com.
    (?) Be + subj + v-ing + com. ?
  • PRESENT SIMPLE: schedules and timetables
    (+) Subj + v(-s) + com.
    (-) Subj + don’t/doesn’t v + com.
    (?) Do/Does + subj + v + com. ?
  • MIGHT / MIGHTN’T: future possibilities
    (+) Subj + might + v + com.
    (-) Subj + mightn’t + v + com.
    (?) Might + subj + v + com. ?
  • BE ABOUT TO: estar a punto de

Future continuous

To talk about actions in progress in the future.

  • AFFIRMATIVE: Subj + will be v-ing + com.
    Ex: I’ll be studying in August.
  • NEGATIVE: Subj + won’t be v-ing + com.
    Ex: I won’t be studying in August.
  • INTERROGATIVE: Will + subj + be v-ing + com. ?
    Ex: Will you be studying in August?

Conditional sentences

  • 1st Conditional: possible situations
    Ex: If you study, you will pass = Si estudias, aprobarás
    • CONDITION: If + subj + present simple v,
    • CONSEQUENCE: subj + will + v
  • 2nd Conditional: hypothetical situations
    EX: If you studied, you would pass = Si estudiases, abrobarías
    • CONDITION: If + subj + past simple v,
    • CONSEQUENCE: subj + would + v
  • 3rd Conditional: impossible situations
    EX: If you had studied, you would have passed = Si hubieses estudiado, habrías aprobado
    • CONDITION: If + subj + past perfect v,
    • CONSEQUENCE: subj + would have + participle v

UNLESS: If not = A menos que
If you don’t study, you won’t pass = Unless you study, you won’t pass

ADVICES: 2nd conditional
If I were you, I would study = Si fuera tú, estudiaría

Adverbs of possibility and probability

  • Maybe / Perhaps (quizás) go at the beginning of the sentence
  • Definitely (definitivamente) / Probably (probablemente):
    • after affirmative auxiliaries or verb be
    • before negative auxiliaries or verb be

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