ENGLISH STARTER UNIT + UNIT 1: vocabulary (describing places, collocations, skills and abilities, life skills) & grammar (general review, present perfect and time expressions)

El contenido de esta entrada ha sido extraído de los siguientes archivos que he creado con la información que se ha explicado en clase:

PowerPoint – Presentación: ENGLISH Starter Unit + Unit 1 Descarga

Word – Documento: ENGLISH Starter Unit + Unit 1 Descarga

VOCABULARY

Describing places

ancient: antiguo/a
crowded: lleno de gente
polluted: contaminado/a
dirty: sucio/a
expensive: caro/a
exciting: emocionante
comfortable: cómodo/a
lively: alegre, vivo/a
pretty: bonito/a
peaceful: pacífico/a
romantic: romántico/a
safe: seguro/a
dangerous: peligroso/a
ugly: feo/a

Collocations

swim + in the sea = nadar en el mar
lie + on the beach = tumbarse en la playa
get a suntan / get sunburnt = broncearse / quemarse
wear + suncream = llevar crema solar
go + abroad / go + sport -ing = ir al extranjero / practicar un deporte acabado en -ing
take + a photo = tomar una foto
visit + a museum = visitar un museo
hire + a bike = alquilar una bicicleta
have + a barbecue = hacer una barbacoa

Travelling words

journey (noun): one occasion when you travel to once place to another (se refiere al trayecto)
trip (noun): the process of going somewhere and returning (más referido al viaje y la estancia en su conjunto)
voyage (noun): a long journey by boat or into space (un viaje cuyo trayecto es duradero, generalmente por mar o el espacio)
travel (verb): go from one place to another, usually in a vehicle (significa viajar)

Skills and abilities

bake cupcakes: cocinar pasteles
learn a foreign language: aprender una lengua extranjera
learn first aid: aprender primeros auxilios
learn to juggle: aprender a hacer malabares
do magic tricks: hacer trucos de magia
perform on stage: actuar en un escenario
play in a band: tocar en una banda musical
speak in public: hablar en público
ride a unicycle: montar en uniciclo
make a video blog: hacer un vídeo blog
write a song: escribir una canción
write computer code: escribir código
design a website: diseñar una página web
edit photos: editar fotos

Life skills

self-awareness: entender nuestros propios sentimientos y capacidades
assertiveness: expresar adecuadamente los sentimientos o pensamientos
active listening: capacidad de escuchar atentamente
creative thinking: capacidad de tener creatividad
conflict resolution: capacidad de resolver un conflicto
problem-solving: el proceso de encontrar soluciones a problemas
time management: capacidad de gestionar el tiempo
money management: capacidad de gestionar el dinero
cooperation: trabajo grupal
respect for others: tratar a la gente con respeto y tolerancia
negotiation: intentar conseguir un acuerdo
entrepreneurship: ser innovador o comenzar un nuevo negocio

GRAMMAR

Comparatives & superlatives

Clasificamos los adjetivos en tres grupos para formar sus modelos de comparativos y superlativos:

SHORT ADJECTIVES:
- 1 syllable
  - COMPARATIVE: ______er than (ex: safer than)
  - SUPERLATIVE: the ______est (ex: the safest)
- 1 syllable ending in consonant/vowel/consonant
  - COMPARATIVE: ______(doble consonant)er than (ex: sadder than)
  - SUPERLATIVE: the _______(doble consonant)est (ex: the saddest)
- 2 syllables ending in -y
  - COMPARATIVE: ______(i)er than (ex: happier than)
  - SUPERLATIVE: the ______(i)est (ex: the happiest)
LONG ADJECTIVES:
- 2 syllables without ending in -y and 2 or more syllables:
  - COMPARATIVE: more __________ than (ex: more common than)
  - SUPERLATIVE: the most __________ (ex: the most common)
IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES: don’t follow the rules!
- These are some examples:
  - BAD
    - COMPARATIVE: worse than
    - SUPERLATIVE: the worst
  - GOOD
    - COMPARATIVE: better than
    - SUPERLATIVE: the best
  - FAR
    - COMPARATIVE: further than
    - SUPERLATIVE: the furthest

Verbs combination

Al combinar dos verbos en una misma oración, el secundario (no es el main verb) puede expresarse en un tiempo u otro dependiendo de lo que acompañe:

VERBS + BASE INFINITIVE (solo el verbo, sin el to):
- modals verbs: can, could, should, will, might, may, must…
  EX: It might rain tomorrow.
VERBS + INFINITIVE (to + verb):
- after some adjectives: easy, difficult, lucky, happy…
  EX: It’s difficult to Paint a portrait.
- after some words: want, decide, hope, remember, forget, afford, plan, try, would like…
  EX: I would like to buy a house.
- to –> para
  EX: We went to Paris to visit the «Louvre» (para visitar)
VERBS + GERUND (verb -ing):
- likes and dislikes: like, prefer, love, hate, enjoy…
  EX: I like cooking.
- end or repetition of an action: finish, stop, give up, begin, start…
  EX: Have you finished eating?
- go + sport / hobbie (si terminan en ing): swimming, dancing, shopping, camping
  EX: She goes swimming in the summer.
- after preposition: before, after, for, at, in…
  EX: Before going to school, I have a shower.
- verbs as the subject:
  EX: Reading is amazing