El contenido de esta entrada ha sido extraído de los siguientes archivos que he creado a partir de la información explicada en clase:
Vocabulary
Innovation & Invention
- Transport:
- driverless car: coche que no necesita conductor
- high-speed trains: trenes de alta velocidad
- Space travel:
- space tourism: turismo espacial
- space station: estación espacial
- Communication:
- flexible smartphones: teléfonos inteligentes
- satellite broadband: cobertura
- Entertainment:
- e-readers: libros electrónicos
- wearable gadgets: artilugios complementarios
- The environment:
- bioplastics: bioplásticos
- desalinated water: agua desalada
- Manufacturing:
- smart materials: materiales inteligentes
- 3D printing: imprersión 3D
Adverbs review
- ADVERBS OF MANNER (adverbios de manera): we don’t use them after look, seem or feel
- comfortably: cómodamente
- easily: fácilmente
- fast / quickly: rápidamente
- safely: seguramente (de forma segura)
- hard: difícilmente
- late: tarde(mente)
- well: bien
- ADVERBS OF DEGREE (adverbios de grado): we don’t use very + extreme adjectives
- absolutely: absolutamente
- extremely: extremadamente
- quite: bastante
- very: muy
- ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY (adverbios de frequencia): we use them before the verb but after be
- always: siempre
- usually: normalmente
- often: a menudo
- rarely: raramente
Identity theft
- credit card: tarjeta de crédito
- credit rating: clasificación de crédito
- bank account: cuenta bancaria
- debt: deuda
- loan: préstamo
- spending spree: gastar a lo loco
- shred documents: destruir documentos
- social networking site: rede social
- wifi hotspots: puntos de acceso a conexión
- log on: conectarse
- junk mail: correo basura
- phising: suplantación de identidad
- fraudster: estafador
- scam: estafa
Personal identity
- Abstract thing that you can choose:
- beliefs: creencias
- values: valores
- personality: personalidad
- Other people in your life:
- friendships: amistades
- relationships: relaciones
- peer group: grupo en común
- Characteristics that you’re born with:
- nacionality: nacionalidad
- ethnicity: etnia
- gender: género
- Physical things that you can see:
- appearance: apariencia
- style: estilo
- possessions: posesiones
Noun suffixes
ROOT WORD (noun, verb, adj) + SUFFIX = NOUN
| ROOT WORD | + SUFFIX | = NOUN WITH SUFFIX |
|---|---|---|
| happy (adj) | -ily | = happily |
| improve (v) | -ment | = improvement |
| citizen (n) | -ship | = citizenship |
| relation (n) | -ship | = relationship |
| friend (n) | -ship | = friendship |
| appear (v) | -ance | = appearance |
| ethnic (adj) | -ity | = ethnicity |
| national (adj) | -ity | = nationality |
| personal (adj) | -ity | = personality |
| possess (v) | -ion | = possession |
Grammar
The passive
- PRESENT SIMPLE:
- (ACTIVE) SUBJECT + VERB + DIRECT COMPLEMENT
300 million people speak English - PATIENT SUBJECT + BE (NOT) PARTICIPLE + AGENT COMPLEMENT (-BY)
English is spoken by 300 million people
- (ACTIVE) SUBJECT + VERB + DIRECT COMPLEMENT
- PAST SIMPLE:
- (ACTIVE) SUBJECT + VERB + DIRECT COMPLEMENT
300 million people spoke English
- PATIENT SUBJECT + WAS/WERE (NOT) PARTICIPLE + AGENT COMPLEMENT (-BY)
English was spoken by 300 million people
- (ACTIVE) SUBJECT + VERB + DIRECT COMPLEMENT
- FUTURE SIMPLE:
- (ACTIVE) SUBJECT + VERB + DIRECT COMPLEMENT
300 million people will speak English - PATIENT SUBJECT + WILL (NOT) BE PARTICIPLE + AGENT COMPLEMENT (-BY)
English will be spoken by 300 million people
- (ACTIVE) SUBJECT + VERB + DIRECT COMPLEMENT
Modal verbs
MODAL VERB (attitude) + MAIN VERB
| Present | Past |
|---|---|
| ABILITY AND POSSIBILITY | ABILITY AND POSSIBILITY |
| (+) Subject + can + verb + com. | (+) Subject + could + verb + com. |
| (-) Subject + can’t + verb + com. | (-) Subject + couldn’t + verb + com. |
| OBLIGATION AND PROHIBITION | OBLIGATION AND PROHIBITION |
| (+) Subject + must/have-has to + verb + com. (-) Subject + musn’t + verb + com. | (+) Subject + had to + verb + com. |
| NO OBLIGATION | NO OBLIGATION |
| (-) Subject + do-doesn’t have to + verb + com | (-) Subject + didn’t have to + verb + com. |
Modals of deduction
- We use must and can’t when we are sure about something.
She must be at home
She can’t be on holiday – I saw her in the town centre today - We use might and could when we aren’t sure about simething.
This email looks suspicious, it might be a phising email
I’m not going to open it, it could be risky
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