ENGLISH UNITS 0 – 4 (FINAL EXAM)

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ENGLISH UNITS 0 – 4 (FINAL EXAM)

Autor de la entrada:Eva Arnau
Publicación de la entrada:7 de junio de 2022
Categoría de la entrada:Primera lengua extranjera (inglés) / Resúmenes y esquemas
Comentarios de la entrada:1 comentario

El contenido de esta entrada ha sido extraído de los siguientes archivos que he creado a partir de la información recibida en clase:

PowerPoint (Presentación) – ENGLISH UNITS 3 & 4 Descarga

PowerPoint (Presentación) – ENGLISH UNITS 0 – 3 summary Descarga

Word (Documento) – ENGLISH UNITS 0 – 4 Descarga

VOCABULARY

Body Art and Decoration

body painting: pintura corporal
face paint: pintura facial
pale: pálido/a
mask: máscara
hairstyles: peinados
wig: peluca
mohican: cresta
make-up: maquillaje
eyeliner: raya de ojos
eye shadow: sombra de ojos
lipstick: pintalabios
nail varnish: pintauñas
tattoo: tatuaje
piercings: piercings
nose stud: piercing de la nariz
navel ring: piercing del ombligo
earrings: pendientes
necklace: collar
jewellery: joyería, joyas
fashionable: a la moda

Reading vocabulary

forehead: frente
tribes: tribus
headscarf: pañuelo para la cabeza
beauty standards: estándares de belleza
pattern: patrón
coming-of-age ritual: ritual de crecimiento
cosmetic surgery: cirugía estética
be keen on: gustar
reckon: pensar, opinar
prefer, like best: preferir
audio guide: audioguía
tickets: entradas
leaplings: nacidos el 29/2
leap day: 29 of February
leap year: año bisiesto (cuando febrero tiene 29 días)
siblings: hermanos/as
actually: de hecho

Life habits

be born: nacer
grow up: crecer
leave school: abandonar el colegio
get a school diploma: graduarse del colegio
go to university: ir a la universidad
get a degree: licenciarse / graduarse de la universidad
get a job: conseguir un trabajo
learn to drive: aprender a conducir
get the driving license: conseguir el carnet de conducir
fall in love: enamorarse
leave home: irse de casa
buy a house: comprar una casa
get engaged: comprometerse
get married: casarse
have children: tener hijos
get divorced: divorciarse
get old: envejecer
retire: jubilarse
die: morir

Uses of get

get = obtain: get a driving license
get = buy: get a house
get = receive: get a present
get = become: get older
get = arrive: get home
get = bring: get me a drink

Communication verbs

talk: hablar, conversar
tell: contar (*tell stories/trues)
say: decir
speak: hablar
call: llamar
text: mandar un mensaje de texto
listen: escuchar
phone: llamar por teléfono
wave: saludar con la mano
kiss: besar
smile: sonreír
laugh: reír
cry: llorar
nod: asentir con la cabeza
shake your head: negar con la cabeza
shake hands: dar la mano como saludo
bow: hacer una reverencia

Technology

take photos: fotografiar
surf the Internet: navegar por Internet
search information: buscar información
do homework: hacer deberes
play videogames: jugar videojuegos
chat with other players: hablar con otros jugadores
count your steps: contar tus pasos
control your heart rate: controlar tu frecuencia cardíaca
read your messages: leer tus mensajes
pull the plug: desenchufar
mobile phone: móvil
gadget: artilugio, dispositivo
laptop: portátil
computer (pc): ordenador (sobremesa)
smartwatch: reloj inteligente
television (TV): televisión
tablet: tableta
e-reader / e-book: libro electrónico
projector: proyector
headphones / earphones: auriculares
charger: cargador
remote control: mando
landline phone: teléfono fijo
social networking site: redes sociales
applications (apps): aplicaciones
instant messaging: mensajería instantánea
cloud computing: la nube

Oliver twist

stealing: robo, robando
rob / lash out: atacar
pickpocket: carterista
starving: muerto de hambre
kill: matar
peer pressured: presión de grupo
victim: víctima
kidnapping: secuestrar, raptar
purse: monedero / bolsito
bully: acosar, acosador
aunty: tía (cariñosamente)
coffin: ataúd
punish: castigar
duties: tareas, obligaciones
blame: culpa
kick out: echar
therefore: por lo tanto
whilst: mientras (que)
homeless: sin hogar
wealthy: rico/a (dinero)
attempts: intentos
rise: elevar
upset: mal (hungry, sad, angry, uncomfortable… for many reasons)

Adventure sports

base jumping: salto base
bungee jumping: puénting
inline skating: patinaje en línea
rollerblading: patinaje sobre ruedas
kayaking: practicar kayak
rafting: rafting
skydiving: paracaidismo
bicicle motocross (BMX): ciclocross
motocros: motocross
rock climbing: escalada en roca
surfing: surfear
waterskiing: esquí acuático
skiing: esquí en la nieve
snowboarding: tabla de nieve
snowmobile: moto de nieve
skateboarding: deslizarse con skate
rally-car racing: carrera de coches
adrenaline rush: subidón de adrenalina
train: entrenar

Visual art

drawing – drawer: dibujo (lápiz)
sculpture – sculptor: escultura
graffiti – graffiti artist: grafiti
pottery – potter: alfarería
portait – painter: retrato
photograph – photographer: frotografía
landscape: paisaje
installation: instalación
still life: bodegón (objetos inanimados)
print: impreso, grabado, estampado

Phrasal verbs

find out: averiguar, descubrir
set up: fundar, iniciar
log on: iniciar sesión, conectarse
look up: buscar (diccionario, lista)
look for: buscar
turn off: apagar
turn on: encender
turn up: subir
turn down: bajar
give back: dar de vuelta
call back: devolver llamada
catch up: ponerse al día
give up: rendirse
get used to: acostumbrarse a

-ed & -ing adjectives

Los verbos que acaban en -ed son los que sufren la acción del verbo.
En cambio, si acaben en -ing, son los que producen la acción del verbo.

Entonces:

to embarass:
- embarassed: avergonzado
- embarassing: vergonzoso
to bore:
- bored: aburrido
- boring: que aburre
to worry:
- worried: preocupado
- worrying: preocupante
to tire:
- tired: cansado
- tiring: que cansa
to relax:
- relaxed: relajado
- relaxing: relajante
to surprise:
- surprised: sorprendido
- surprising: sorprendente
to excite:
- excited: emocionado
- exciting: emocionante
to frighten:
- frightened: asustado
- frightening: aterrador
to disappoint:
- disappointed: decepcionado
- disappointing: decepcionante
to amuse:
- amused: divertido
- amusing: que divierte

GRAMMAR

Verbs combination

VERBS + GERUND (-ing):
- likes and dislikes: like, prefer, love, hate, enjoy, don’t mind…
  -I like cooking.
- go + sport/hobbies: shopping, swimming, camping, dancing…
  -She goes swimming in the summer.
- after preposition: before, after, for, at, in…
  –Before going to school, I have a shower.
- end or repetition of an action: finish, stop, give up, begin, start, keep, go on…
  -Have you finished eating?
- verb as the subject:
  -Reading is amazing.
VERBS + INFINITIVE (to ____):
- after some adjectives: difficult, easy, lucky, happy…
  -It’s difficult to paint a portrait.
- as an explanation of an action: to = para
  -We went to Paris to visit the Louvre
- after some words: want, decide, agree, forget, promise, plan, hope, arrange, try, offer, would like…
  -I would like to buy a house.
VERBS + BASE INFINITIVE (to):
- modal verbs: might, may, can, could, will, should, must…
  -It might rain tomorrow.

Future tenses

WILL (future simple): SUBJ + WILL/WON’T + VERB + COM.
- FUTURE PREDICTIONS (suppose):
  -You will study medicine.
- PROMISES:
  -I’ll never cheat you .
- SPONTANEOUS DECISIONS:
  -I’ll answer!
BE GOING TO (voy a…): SUBJ + AM/IS/ARE GOING TO + V + COMP.
- CERTAIN PREDICTIONS:
  -The teacher is going to tell him off.
- PLANS AND INTENTIONS:
  -We are going to study biology.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS: SUBJ + AM/IS/ARE + V-ING + COMP.
- PLANS AND INTENTIONS:
  -I am going to Bonaire.

POSSIBILITY & PROBABILITY

ADVERBS:
- DEFINITELY = Seguro
  -She will definitely pass her exams –> SUBJECT + WILL + DEFINITELY + V + COMP.
  -I definitely won’t invite him to my party –> SUBJECT + DEFINITELY + WON’T + V + COMP.
- PROBABLY = Probablemente
  -He will probably have 2 children –> SUBJECT + WILL + PROBABLY + V + COMP.
  -I probably won’t adopt any pets –> SUBJECT + PROBABLY + WON’T + V + COMP.
- MAYBE/PERHAPS = Quizá, a lo mejor
  –Maybe cars will fly in the future –> MAYBE/PERHAPS + SUBJECT + WILL/WON’T + V + COMP.
  –Perhaps she won’t become a celebrity.
EXPRESSIONS (+SUBJ + WILL + V + COMP.)
- It’s (very) likely that… = Es (muy) probable que…
- It’s not (very) likely that… = No es (muy) probable que…
- It’s unlikely that… = Es improbable que…
- There’s no chance that… = No hay posibilidad de que…
MODAL VERB:
- MIGHT = Puede que
  -It might rain tomorrow –> SUBJECT + MIGHT + V + COMP.

Ability and permission

COULD: Ability and permission in the past
- SUBJECT + COULD + V + COMP
  -My parents could leave school soon.
- SUBJECT + COULDN’T + V + COMP.
  -My parents couldn’t leave school soon.
- COULD + SUBJECT + V + COMP?
  –Could you speak Valencian?
- YES, SUBJECT COULD / NO, SUBJECT COULDN’T
  -Yes, I could
  –No, I couldn’t
WAS/WERE ABLE TO: Ability and permission in the past
- SUBJECT + WAS/WERE ABLE TO + V + COMP.
  -I was able to leave school.
- SUBJECT + WASN’T/WEREN’T ABLE TO + V + COMP.
  -We weren’t able to drive a car.
- WAS/WERE + SUBJECT + ABLE TO + V + COMP?
  –Were you able to come later?
- YES, SUBJECT WAS/WERE // NO, SUBJECT WASN’T/WEREN’T
  -Yes, I was.
  –No, they weren’t.
CAN: Ability and permission in the present
- SUBJECT + CAN + V + COMP.
  -I can speak French.
- SUBJECT + CANNOT (can’t) + V + COMP.
  -He can’t ride a bike.
- CAN + SUBJECT + V + COMP?
  –Can I go to the toilet?
- YES, SUBJECT CAN // NO, SUBJECT CAN’T
  -Yes, you can
  -No, you can’t
BE ABLE TO: Ability and permission in the present
- SUBJECT + BE ABLE TO + V + COMP.
  -I am able to speak French.
- SUBJECT + BE NOT ABLE TO + V + COMP.
  -We aren’t able to ride a bike.
- BE + SUBJECT + ABLE TO + V + COM?
  –Am I able to go to the toilet?
- YES, SUBJECT BE // NO, SUBJECT BE NOT
  -Yes, you are
  -No, you aren’t
WILL BE ABLE TO: Ability and permission in the future
- SUBJECT + WILL BE ABLE TO + V + COMP.
  -I will be able to leave school soon.
- SUBJECT + WON’T BE ABLE TO + V + COMP.
  -We won’t be able to drive a car.
- WILL + SUBJECT + BE ABLE TO + V + COMP?
  –Will you be able to come later?
- YES, SUBJECT WILL // NO, SUBJECT WON’T
  -Yes, I will
  -No, I won’t

Present simple

Talk about routines & habits.

AFFIRMATIVE:
- I / YOU / WE / THEY + V+ COMP.
- HE / SHE / IT + V-S + COMP.
NEGATIVE:
- I / YOU / WE / THEY + DON’T + V+ COMP.
- HE / SHE / IT + DOESN’T + V + COMP.
INTERROGATIVE:
- DO + I / YOU / WE / THEY + V + COMP. ?
  - Yes, I / YOU / WE / THEY DO
  - No, I / YOU / WE / THEY DON’T
- DOES + HE / SHE / IT + V + COMP. ?
  - Yes, HE / SHE / IT DOES
  - No, HE / SHE / IT DOESN’T

Present simple time expressions

always: siempre
usually: normalmente
often: a menudo
sometimes: a veces
rarely / hardly ever: difícilmente, raramente
never: nunca

SUBJECT + TIME EXPRESSION + VERB + COMP. (I always do my homework)
SUBJECT + VERB BE + TIME EXPRESSION + COMP. (I am always here)

Present continuous

Talk about something is happening now, in progress, puntually

AFFIRMATIVE: SUBJECT + BE V-ING + COMP.
NEGATIVE: SUBJECT + BE NOT V-ING + COMP.
INTERROGATIVE: BE + SUBJECT + V-ING + COMP. ?
- Yes, SUBJECT BE
- No, SUBJECT BE NOT

Verb be can be: I am, He/She/It is, We/You/They are

Present continuous time expressions

now
at the moment
right now
tonight
tomorrow
later
this week / month / year

SUBJECT + BE V-ING + COMP. + TIME EXPRESSIONS (I am listening to music now)

Past simple

To talk about single completed actions

AFFIRMATIVE:
- SUBJECT + V-ED + COMP.
- SUBJECT + IRREGULAR PAST SIMPLE VERB + COMP.
NEGATIVE:
- SUBJECT + DIDN’T V + COMP.
INTERROGATIVE:
- DID + SUBJECT + V + COMP. ?
  - Yes, SUBJECT DID
  - No, SUBJECT DIDN’T

Past continuous

To talk about actions in progress in the past

AFFIRMATIVE:
- I / He / She / It + WAS V-ING + COMP.
- We / You / They + WERE V-ING + COMP.
NEGATIVE:
- I / He / She / It + WASN’T V-ING + COMP.
- We / You / They + WEREN’T V-ING + COMP.
INTERROGATIVE:
- WAS + I / he / she / it + V-ING + COMP. ?
  - Yes, I / he / she / it WAS
  - No, I / he / she / it WASN’T
- WERE + we / you / they + V-ING + COMP. ?
  - Yes, we / you / they WERE
  - No, we / you / theye WEREN’T

Past simple vs past continuous

PAST SIMPLE + WHILE + PAST CONTINUOUS = WHILE + PAST CONTINUOUS, PAST SIMPLE
- I heard a noise while I was doing my homework = While I was doing my homework, I heard a noise
PAST CONTINUOUS + WHEN + PAST SIMPLE = WHEN + PAST SIMPLE, PAST CONTINUOUS
- I was doing my homework when I heard a noise = When I heard a noise, I was doing mi homework.

Present perfect

To talk about actions in the past that are still relevant or experiences of the life

AFFIRMATIVE:
- I / We / You / They + HAVE PARTICIPLE V + COMP.
- He / She / It + HAS PARTICIPLE V. + COMP.
NEGATIVE:
- I / We / You / They + HAVEN’T PARTICIPLE V. + COMP.
- He / She / It + HASN’T PARTICIPLE V. + COMP.
INTERROGATIVE:
- HAVE + I / we / you / they + PARTICIPLE VERB + COMP. ?
  - Yes, I / we / you / they HAVE
  - No, I / we / you / they HAVEN’T
- HAS + he / she / it + PARTICIPLE VERB + COMP. ?
  - Yes, he / she / it HAS
  - No, he / she / it HASN’T

Present perfect time expressions

for:
- Expresa una duración en el tiempo (DURANTE)
- Al final de la oración delante de la expresión de tiempo: Alejandra has been teacher for six years.
since:
- Expresa el momento de inicio (DESDE)
- Al final de la oración y delante de la expresión de tiempo: Alejandra has been teacher since 2016.
just:
- Expresa acciones acabadas recientemente (ACABAR DE)
- Entre el auxiliar (have / has) y el participio: I have just done my homework.
already:
- Expresa acciones que han ocurrido antes de lo esperado (YA)
- Entre el auxiliar (have / has) y el participio: I have already done my homework.
- En oraciones afirmativas.
yet:
- Expresa acciones esperadas que aún no han ocurrido (TODAVÍA / AÚN)
- Al final de la oración: I haven’t done my homework yet / Haven’t you done your homework yet?
- En oraciones negativas o interrogativas.
ever:
- Pregunta experiencias del pasado (ALGUNA VEZ…)
- Entre el sujeto y el participio: Have you ever done your homework?
- En oraciones interrogativas y excepcionalmente negativas.
never:
- Hablar de acciones que nunca han sucedido (NUNCA)
- Entre el auxiliar (have / has) y el participio: I have never done my homework.

Present perfect vs past simple

PAST SIMPLE:
- En un momento concreto del pasado.
- Datos concretos del pasado.
PRESENT PERFECT:
- Sin referencia temporal concreta.
- Acciones que han ocurrido varias veces.
- Experiencias de tu vida.
- Incluye sus expresiones de tiempo (for, since, just…).

Countable & Uncountable nouns

COUNTABLE NOUNS: apple/s, child/children, person/people…
- We can count them.
- They can be singular or plural.
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS: rice, water, grape, bread, money…
- We need other units (litres, glass, bag, kilograms, coins…) to count them.
- They are always in singular.
- Liquid, grain, powder, abstract words…

A/an, some, any, (a) little, (a) few, (how) many/much, a lot of…

A/AN: uno
- Singular countable nouns
- Positive, negative, interrogative
SOME: algunos
- Plural countable nouns
- Uncountable nouns
- Positive
ANY: ninguno/alguno
- Plural countable nouns
- Uncountables nouns
- Negative, interrogative
A LOT OF: muchos
- Plural countable nouns
- Uncountable nouns
- Positive
(HOW) MANY: muchos
- Plural countable nouns
- Negative, interrogative
(HOW) MUCH: mucho
- Uncountable nouns
- Negative, interrogative
(A) FEW: unos pocos / pocos
- Plural countable nouns
- Positive, negative, interrogative
(A) LITTLE: un poco / poco
- Uncountable nouns
- Positive, negative, interrogative

Adverbs of degree

really: realmente
very: mucho
quite: bastante
a bit: un poco
not very: no mucho

SUBJECT + V + ADVERB OF DEGREE + ADJECTIVE (comp.)

Comparative & superlative

SHORT ADJECTIVES:
- 1 syll.
  - COMPARATIVE: _____ER THAN (smaller than)
  - SUPERLATIVE: THE _____EST (the smallest)
- 1 syll. -c/v/c
  - COMPARATIVE: _____(C)ER THAN (fatter than)
  - SUPERLATIVE: THE _____(C)EST (the fattest)
- 2 syll. -y
  - COMPARATIVE: _____(I)ER THAN (easier than)
  - SUPERLATIVE: THE ______(I)EST (the easiest)
LONG ADJECTIVES:
- 2 syll. -y & +2 syll.
  - COMPARATIVE: MORE ______ THAN (more beautiful than)
  - SUPERLATIVE: THE MOST ______ (the most beautiful)
IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES: don’t follow the rules!
EX:
- GOOD:
  - COMPARATIVE: better than
  - SUPERLATIVE: the best
- BAD:
  - COMPARATIVE: worse than
  - SUPERLATIVE: the worst
- FAR:
  - COMPARATIVE: further than
  - SUPERLATIVE: the furthest

¡Espero que te haya gustado! Más entradas como esta en eva-arnau.es ;).

Esta entrada tiene un comentario

Kira 7 Jun 2022 Responder

Alucinante !!!!